Bronnen voor Pycnogenol bij diabetes en retinopathie

Hieronder een overzicht van de bronnen voor Pycnogenol bij diabetes en retinopathie.

1-5

1. Rohdewald P. Pycnogenol. In: Rice-Evans CA, Packer L. Flavonoids in Health and Disease. New York, NY, VS: Marcel Dekker; 1998:405-419.
2. Masquelier Jinventor; Societe Civile de Recherche Pharmaceutique et Therapeutique, assignee. Hydroxyflavin 3,4-diols, a method of producing them and medicament based thereon. US patent 3,436,407. April 1, 1969.
3. Suzuki NKohama Tinventors; Medicinal Tradepia Co. Ltd., Horphag Research Limited, assignees. Medicinal composition for treating dysmenorrhea and endometriosis industrial use. US patent 6,372,266. April 16, 2002.
4. Grimm TSkrabala RChovanova Zet al. Single and multiple dose pharmacokinetics of maritime pine bark extract (pycnogenol) after oral administration to healthy volunteers. BMC Clin Pharmacol. 2006;6:4.
5. Williamson GManach C. Bioavailability and bioefficacy of polyphenols in humans. II. Review of 93 intervention studies. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005;81:243S-255S.

6-10

6. Masquelier Jinventor; Societe Civile d’Investigations Pharmacologiques d’Aquitaine, Horphag Overseas Ltd, assignees. Plant extract with a proanthocyanidins content as therapeutic agent having radical scavenger effect and use thereof. US patent 4,698,360. October 6, 1987.
7. Grimm TSchafer AHogger P. Antioxidant activity and inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases by metabolites of maritime pine bark extract (pycnogenol). Free Radic Biol Med. 2004;36:811-822.
8. Moini HGuo QPacker L. Enzyme inhibition and protein-binding action of the procyanidin-rich french maritime pine bark extract, pycnogenol: effect on xanthine oxidase. J Agric Food Chem. 2000;48:5630-5639.
9. Elstner EFKleber E. Radical scavenger properties of leucocyanidine. Presented at: 3rd International Symposium on Flavonoids in Biology & Medicine; November 13-17, 1989; Singapore.
10. Guo QZhao BPacker L. Electron spin resonance study of free radicals formed from a procyanidin-rich pine ( Pinus maritima ) bark extract, pycnogenol. Free Radic Biol Med. 1999;27:1308-1312.

11-15

11. Janisch KHippeli SDornisch KKern SElstner EF. Determination of the antioxidative potential of human plasma after supplementation with pycnogenol and whey. Food Res Int. 2002;35:257-266.
12. Packer LRimbach GVirgili F. Antioxidant activity and biologic properties of a procyanidin-rich extract from pine (Pinus maritima) bark, pycnogenol. Free Radic Biol Med. 1999;27:704-724.
13. Wei ZHPeng QLLau BH. Pycnogenol enhances endothelial cell antioxidant defenses. Redox Rep. 1997;3:219-224.
14. Nelson ABLau BHIde NRong Y. Pycnogenol inhibits macrophage oxidative burst, lipoprotein oxidation, and hydroxyl radical-induced DNA damage. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 1998;24:139-144.
15. Kobayashi MSHan DPacker L. Antioxidants and herbal extracts protect HT-4 neuronal cells against glutamate-induced cytotoxicity. Free Radic Res. 2000;32:115-124.

16-20

16. Battino MFerreiro MSArmeni Tet al. In vitro antioxidant activities of antioxidant-enriched toothpastes. Free Radic Res. 2005;39:343-350.
17. Ahn JGrun IUMustapha A. Effects of plant extracts on microbial growth, color change, and lipid oxidation in cooked beef. Food Microbiol. 2006;24:7-14.
18. Huynh HTTeel RW. Effects of pycnogenol on the microsomal metabolism of the tobacco-specific nitrosamine NNK as a function of age. Cancer Lett. 1998;132:135-139.
19. Virgili FKim DPacker L. Procyanidins extracted from pine bark protect alpha-tocopherol in ECV 304 endothelial cells challenged by activated RAW 264.7 macrophages: role of nitric oxide and peroxynitrite. FEBS Lett. 1998;431:315-318.
20. Virgili FKobuchi HPacker L. Procyanidins extracted from Pinus maritima (Pycnogenol): scavengers of free radical species and modulators of nitrogen monoxide metabolism in activated murine RAW 264.7 macrophages. Free Radic Biol Med. 1998;24:1120-1129.

21-25

21. Siler-Marsiglio KIShaw GHeaton MB. Pycnogenol and vitamin E inhibit ethanol-induced apoptosis in rat cerebellar granule cells. J Neurobiol. 2004;59:261-271.
22. Siler-Marsiglio KIPaiva MMadorsky ISerrano YNeeley AHeaton MB. Protective mechanisms of pycnogenol in ethanol-insulted cerebellar granule cells. J Neurobiol. 2004;61:267-276.
23. Peng QLBuz’Zard ARLau BH. Pycnogenol protects neurons from amyloid-beta peptide-induced apoptosis. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 2002;104:55-65.
24. Horakova LLicht ASandig GJakstadt MDurackova ZGrune T. Standardized extracts of flavonoids increase the viability of PC12 cells treated with hydrogen peroxide: effects on oxidative injury. Arch Toxicol. 2003;77:22-29.
25. Veurink GLiu DTaddei Ket al. Reduction of inclusion body pathology in ApoE-deficient mice fed a combination of antioxidants. Free Radic Biol Med. 2003;34:1070-1077.

26-30

26. Maritim ADene BASanders RAWatkins ΙΙΙ JB. Effects of pycnogenol treatment on oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetes rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2003;17:193-199.
27. Devaraj SVega-Lopez SKaul NSchonlau FRohdewald PJialal I. Supplementation with a pine bark extract rich in polyphenols increases plasma antioxidant capacity and alters the plasma lipoprotein profile. Lipids. 2002;37:931-934.
28. Silliman KParry JKirk LLPrior RL. Pycnogenol does not impact the antioxidant or vitamin C status of healthy young adults. J Am Diet Assoc. 2003;103:67-72.
29. Sharma SCSharma SGulati OP. Pycnogenol inhibits the release of histamine from mast cells. Phytother Res. 2003;17:66-69.
30. Cho KJYun CHYoon DYet al. Effect of bioflavonoids extracted from the bark of Pinus maritima on proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2000;168:64-71.

31-35

31. Cho KJYun CHPacker LChung AS. Inhibition mechanisms of bioflavonoids extracted from the bark of Pinus maritima on the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2001;928:141-156.
32. Blazso GGabor MRohdewald P. Antiinflammatory activities of procyanidin-containing extracts from Pinus pinaster Ait. after oral and cutaneous application. Pharmazie. 1997;52:380-382.
33. Mochizuki MHasegawa N. Therapeutic efficacy of pycnogenol in experimental inflammatory bowel diseases. Phytother Res. 2004;18:1027-1028.
34. Saliou CRimbach GMoini Het al. Solar ultraviolet-induced erythema in human skin and nuclear factor- kappa-B-dependent gene expression in keratinocytes are modulated by a French maritime pine bark extract. Free Radic Biol Med. 2001;30:154-173.
35. Grimm TChovanova ZMuchova Jet al. Inhibition of NF-kappaB activation and MMP-9 secretion by plasma of human volunteers after ingestion of maritime pine bark extract (Pycnogenol). J Inflamm. 2006;3:1-6.

36-40

36. Gulati OP. Pycnogenol in venous disorders: A review. Eur Bull Drug Res. 1999;7:8-13.
37. Arcangeli P. Pycnogenol in chronic venous insufficiency. Fitoterapia. 2000;71:236-244.
38. Petrassi CMastromarino ASpartera C. Pycnogenol in chronic venous insufficiency. Phytomed. 2000;7:383-388.
39. Hosseini SLee JSepulveda RTRhodewald PWatson RR. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, prospective, 16 week crossover study to determine the role of Pycnogenol in modifying blood pressure in mildly hypertensive patients. Nutr Res. 2001;21:1251-1260.
40. Koch R. Comparative study of Venostasin and Pycnogenol in chronic venous insufficiency. Phytother Res. 2002;16:S1-S5.

41-45

41. Cesarone MRBelcaro GRohdewald Pet al. Comparison of Pycnogenol and Daflon in treating chronic venous insufficiency: a prospective, controlled study. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2006;12:205-212.
42. Belcaro GCesarone MRErrichi BMet al. Venous ulcers: microcirculatory improvement and faster healing with local use of pycnogenol. Angiology. 2005;56:699-705.
43. Spadea LBalestrazzi E. Treatment of vascular diabetes retinopathies with pycnogenol. Phytother Res. 2001;15:219-223.
44. Schonlau FRohdewald P. Pycnogenol for diabetes retinopathy. A review. Int Ophthalmol. 2001;24:161-171.
45. Wang STan DZhao YGuankai GGao XHu L. The effect of pycnogenol on the microcirculation, plaatelet function and ischemic mycardium in patients with coronary artery diseases. Eur Bull Drug Res. 1999;7:19-25.

46-50

46. Pütter MGrotemeyer KHWurthwein Get al. Inhibition of smoking-induced platelet aggregation by aspirin and pycnogenol. Thromb Res. 1999;95:155-161.
47. Araghi-Niknam MHosseini SLarson DRohdewald PWatson RR. Pine bark extract reduces platelet aggregation. Integr Med. 2000;2:73-77.
48. Rohdewald Pinventor. Method of controlling the reactivity of human blood platelets by oral administration of the extract of the maritime pine (pycnogenol). US patent 5,720,956. February 21, 1998.
49. Huynh HTTeel RW. Selective induction of apoptosis in human mammary cancer cells (MCF-7) by pycnogenol. Anticancer Res. 2000;20:2417-2430.
50. Huang WWYang JSLin CFHo WJLee MR. Pycnogenol induces differentiation and apoptosis in human promyeloid leukemia HL-60 cells. Leuk Res. 2005;29:685-692.

51-55

51. Sharma SCSharma SGulati OP. Pycnogenol prevents haemolytic injury in G6PD deficient human erythrocytes. Phytother Res. 2003;17:671-674.
52. Hasegawa N. Inhibition of lipogenesis by pycnogenol. Phytother Res. 2000;14:472-473.
53. Hasegawa N. Stimulation of lipolysis by pycnogenol. Phytother Res. 1999;13:619-620.
54. Mochizuki MHasegawa N. Pycnogenol stimulates lipolysis in 3T3-L1 cells via stimulation of beta-receptor mediated activity. Phytother Res. 2004;18:1029-1030.
55. Buz’Zard ARPeng QLau BH. Kyolic and Pycnogenol increase human growth hormone secretion in genetically-engineered keratinocytes. Growth Horm IGF Res. 2002;12:34-40.

56-60

56. Torras MAFaura CASchonlau FRohdewald P. Antimicrobial activity of pycnogenol. Phytother Res. 2005;19:647-648.
57. Blaszó GGaspar RGabor MRuve HJRohdewald P. ACE inhibition and hypotensive effect of a procyanidins containing extract from the bark of Pinus pinaster Sol. Pharm Pharmacol Lett. 1996;6:8-11.
58. Berryman AMMaritim ACSanders RAWatkins JB, 3rd. Influence of treatment of diabetes rats with combinations of pycnogenol, beta-carotene, and alpha-lipoic acid on parameters of oxidative stress. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2004;18:345-352.
59. Liu FZhang YLau BH. Pycnogenol improves learning impairment and memory deficit in senescent-accelerated mice. J Anti Aging Med. 1999;2:349-355.
60. Liu FJZhang YXLau BH. Pycnogenol enhances immune and haemopoietic functions in senescence-accelerated mice. Cell Mol Life Sci. 1998;54:1168-1172.

61-65

61. Blazso GGabor MSchonlau FRohdewald P. Pycnogenol accelerates wound healing and reduces scar formation. Phytother Res. 2004;18:579-581.
62. Cheshier JEArdestani-Kaboudanian SLiang Bet al. Immunomodulation by pycnogenol in retrovirus-infected or ethanol-fed mice. Life Sci. 1996;58:87-96.
63. Feng WHWei HLLiu GT. Effect of pycnogenol on the toxicity of heart, bone marrow and immune organs as induced by antitumor drugs. Phytomed. 2002;9:414-418.
64. de Moraes Ramos FMSchonlau FNovaes PDManzi FRBoscolo FNde Almeida SM. Pycnogenol protects against Ionizing radiation as shown in the intestinal mucosa of rats exposed to X-rays. Phytother Res. 2006;20:676-679.
65. Sime SReeve VE. Protection from inflammation, immunosuppression and carcinogenesis induced by UV radiation in mice by topical pycnogenol. Photochem Photobiol. 2004;79:193-198.

66-70

66. Liu XWei JTan FZhou SWurthwein GRohdewald R. Pycnogenol, French maritime pine bark extract, improves endothelial function of hypertensive patients. Life Sci. 2004;74:855-862.
67. Liu XWei JTan FZhou SWurthwein GRohdewald P. Anti diabetes effect of Pycnogenol French maritime pine bark extract in patients with diabetes type II. Life Sci. 2004;75:2505-2513.
68. Ni ZMu YGulati O. Treatment of melasma with Pycnogenol. Phytother Res. 2002;16:567-571.
69. Trebaticka JKopasova SHradecna Zet al. Treatment of ADHD with French maritime pine bark extract, Pycnogenol. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2006;15:329-335.
70. Scurr JHGulati OP. Zinopin —the rationale for its use as a food supplement in Traveller’s thrombosis and motion sickness. Phytother Res. 2004;18:687-695.

71-77

71. Cesarone MRBelcaro GRohdewald Pet al. Prevention of edema in long flights with pycnogenol. Clin Appl Thromb Hemos. 2005;11:289-294.
72. Stefanescu MMatache COnu Aet al. Pycnogenol efficacy in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Phytother Res. 2001;15:698-704.
73. Kohama TInoue M. Pycnogenol alleviates pain associated with pregnancy. Phytother Res. 2006;20:232-234.
74. Lau BHRiesen SKTruong KPLau ESRohdewald PBarreta RA. Pycnogenol as an adjunct in the management of childhood asthma. J Asthma. 2004;41:825-832.
75. Kimbrough CChun Mdela Roca GLau BH. Pycnogenol chewing gum minimizes gingival bleeding and plaque formation. Phytomed. 2002;9:410-416.
76. Roseff SJGulati R. Improvement of sperm quality by Pycnogenol. Eur Bull Drug Res. 1999;7:33-36.
77. Durackova ZTrebaticky BNovotny VZitnanova IBreza J. Lipid metabolism and erectile function improvement by pycnogenol, extract from the bark of Pinus pinaster in patients suffering from erectile dysfunction-a pilot study. Nutr Res. 2003;23:1189-1198.

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, Drs. D.J. Kopsky, arts
‘Bronnen voor Pycnogenol bij diabetes en retinopathie’

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